Commercially Pure Titanium Grades: Gr1, Gr2, Gr3, and Gr4 Explained
Commercially pure titanium comes in four grades — Gr1, Gr2, Gr3, and Gr4 — and the difference is oxygen content, which trades strength against formability.
Use this article as an initial technical reference. Final material selection should also confirm grade, dimensions, tolerances, standards, quantity, and the actual service environment.
Commercially pure titanium comes in four grades — Gr1, Gr2, Gr3, and Gr4 — and the difference is oxygen content, which trades strength against formability.
What “commercially pure” means
Commercially pure (CP) titanium grades contain at least about 99% titanium with small, controlled amounts of oxygen, iron, and carbon. It is the oxygen content that distinguishes the grades: more oxygen raises strength but lowers ductility. CP titanium is specified for corrosion resistance, weldability, and good formability at moderate strength.
CP grade comparison
| Grade | Typical yield strength | Formability | Common use |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gr1 | ~170 MPa | Best | Deep drawing, plating, chemical liners |
| Gr2 | ~275 MPa | Very good | General chemical, marine, desalination |
| Gr3 | ~380 MPa | Good | Higher-strength corrosion service |
| Gr4 | ~483 MPa | Moderate | Medical, surgical, higher-strength parts |
How to choose a CP grade
- Need maximum formability and ductility: choose Gr1.
- Need a general-purpose corrosion-resistant workhorse: choose Gr2, the most widely used CP grade.
- Need more strength with some formability: choose Gr3.
- Need the highest CP strength (implants, fasteners): choose Gr4.
CP grades are covered by ASTM B265 (sheet and plate), ASTM B348 (bar and rod), and ASTM F67 (surgical implant). Note that Gr5 (Ti-6Al-4V) and Gr23 (Ti-6Al-4V ELI) are titanium alloys, not commercially pure grades, and are specified for much higher strength.
Specifying CP titanium in an RFQ
Always state the grade, product form, dimensions and tolerances, the governing standard, surface condition, and the application. This lets the supplier match the annealed or cold-worked condition and documentation to the end use.
FAQ
What is the difference between Gr1 and Gr2 titanium?
Gr1 has lower oxygen and is more formable with lower strength; Gr2 has higher strength and is the standard general-purpose corrosion grade.
Is Gr4 titanium still commercially pure?
Yes. Gr4 is the strongest of the commercially pure grades and is used for higher-strength corrosion and medical applications.
Is Gr5 a commercially pure titanium?
No. Gr5 (Ti-6Al-4V) is an alpha-beta alloy with much higher strength; it is not a CP grade.
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